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Film Industry - PDE Homework

Production

In the production the film is created or shot. Then, more people are recruited at this stage such as videographers, filmmakers, script supervisor etc. A normal day begins when the crew are called in and actors have their own call-in time since makeup and costume take up many hours of the day.

The assistant director says 'picture is up' which signals for everyone to start acting. 

The shot is over when the director yells cut and camera and sound stop recording.

At the end of the day, the director approves the next day's shooting schedule and a daily progress report is sent to the production office. This includes the report sheets from continuity, sound, and camera teams. Call sheet are distributed to the cast and crew to tell them when and where to turn up the next shooting day. Later on, the director, producer, other department heads, and, sometimes, the cast, may gather to watch that day or yesterday's footage, called dailies, and review their work.

With workdays often lasting 14 or 18 hours in remote locations, film production tends to create a team spirit. When the entire film is in the can, or in the completion of the production phase, it is customary for the production office to arrange a wrap party, to thank all the cast and crew for their efforts.

Distribution

This is the final stage, where the film is released in the cinema or after a few months, on DVD such as Blue ray etc. The film is duplicated as required and distributed to cinemas for exhibition (screening). Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published and the film is advertised and promoted.
Film distributors usually release a film with a launch party, press releases, interviews with the press, press preview screenings, and film festival screenings. Most films have a website. The film plays at selected cinemas and the DVD typically is released a few months later. The distributor and the production company share profits.

The distribution of a film is the process through which a movie is made available to watch for an audience by a film distributor. This task may be accomplished in a variety of ways; for example, with a theatrical release, a home entertainment release  or a television program.

Marketing

Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry. Film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to equal anywhere between half or three times the production budget. Publicity is generally handled by the distributor and exhibitors.

Here are a few examples...

Marketing like this applies to the younger audience (happy meals, and bus ads), but can also apply to an older audience who are driving past or walking past a billboard (Insidious 2 for example.)

Films are sold to different audience in accordance to the way they portray it. For example, scenes of a sexual/violent nature will never be shown to children, normally under the ages of 12.

Exhibition

Exhibition is the retail branch of the film industry. It involves not the production or the distribution of motion pictures, but their public screening, usually for paying customers in cinemas etc. What the exhibitor sells is the experience of a film. Because exhibitors to some extent control how films are programmed, promoted, and presented to the public, they have considerable influence over the box-office success and, more importantly, the reception of films.

The Film Value Chain

An industry value chain or system could be summarized as a connected series of activities, that combine to create and deliver a product (or value) to customers. These activities could include research and development, manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and distribution. 

Production,Distribution,Marketing & Exhibition

Production, Distribution, Marketing & Exhibition

Production

To produce a film you need the following stages, the idea, development, preproduction, production and the postproduction.

The Pitch/Idea
Someone such as a Writer, Director, Producer, or Actor would come up with an idea. In this competitive industry, ideas need to be fresh and marketable. Whether the idea moves forward from this point, and how quickly, depends on who comes up with it.
Development
Before any money is spent on developing an idea into a screenplay it has to be evaluated first. The writer has to break down the work in to clear points to make it clear so it can be presented. The budget also has to be taken into account. The first draft is made and major rewrites may continue right up to the first day of shooting.                                                                                                                             Pre-production                                                                                                                                      This is the stage where all the planning for the project takes place. During pre-production, the production is broken down into individual scenes and all the locations, props, cast members, costumes, special effects and visual effects are identified. The script is written at this stage if it isn't already complete. A detailed schedule is produced and arrangements are made for the necessary people to be available to the film makers at the right times.                                                                                          Production
It is during this period that the words on the page are turned into pictures and sound by a cast and crew. This is when all the footage is actually taken. Each scene is filmed as many times as the director deems fit.

Postproduction
Postproduction is usually considered the period when all of the film is edited. There are many things which can happen in post-production. Common tasks include:

• Editing video footage
• Editing the soundtrack, adding sound effects, music
• Adding titles and graphics
• Colour and exposure correction
• Adding special effects
• Re-shooting certain scenes if required

Distribution                                                                                                                                          Films can be distributed made available for viewing for example directly to the public either theatrically (cinema) or for home viewing (DVD, video-on-demand,download The normal way that movies get released is first to the cinema, DVD then pay on demand and finally the TV. Movies can also be distributed on all times of media at the same time. Some movies can also be released on DVD without first going to the cinemas.                                                                                                           Marketing                                                                                                                                         Movies are marketed in many different ways for example movies trailers, billboards, bus ads, toys that come with happy meals,movie posters, commercials, and social media outlets such as face book or twitter which are great cause they are also free. They have to think about which audience they want to aim their movie at and therefore which way of marketing to choose for example if you would like to target young people you would choose social media outlets as young people spend a lot of time on them. Your marketing technique has to match your audience.                                                                                                                                     Exhibition                                                                                                                                          Exhibition is all about how the audience see the film, do people prefer to go to the cinema because of prices or facilities and what viewing times people prefer? Do people want to see films in 3D IMAX or just normal 2D this entire process is called the film value chain.

PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING.

PRODUCTION:

• pre-production:

this is where all the planning for the project takes place during pre-production, the production gets broken into individual scenes and all the locations, props, cast members, costumes special effects and visual effects are identified. the script if not completed is written at this stage, then a schedule is made for actors and elements to be available to make the film.

• production:

filming is carried out and locations are used to get it all in the scenes to ensure the best quality, every scene is acted out a lot as all the necessary shots are needed as it is difficult to go back and repeat certain events if the filming is incomplete when it gets to the post production stage. 

• post production:

the film is assembled by the editor who's first job is to build a rough cut taken from sequences (or scenes) based on individual "takes"(shots). the purpose is to select and order the best shots. next is to create a fine cut by getting all shots to flow smoothly in a seamless story- trimming- this shortens scenes by a few minutes, seconds or even frames. after this is approved by the director and the producer its then "locked"meaning nothing else is changed.

DISTRIBUTION:

How do films get from edit houses to the audience?

Once the film is completed it is sent to the studio, who then makes a licensing agreement with a distribution company, distribution companies determine how many copies of the film to make, then the distribution companies show the movie to buyers that represent theatres, the buyers agree to what they want to buy and show the films in the theatres. these prints are sent to the theatres a couple days before it's release date and the movie is then sow to us, the viewers.

MARKETING:

what is marketing?

marketing promotes the film before it is released to create awareness of it and make it popular among the general public.

a lot of money goes into marketing and often comes to aver twice the amount it will cost to actually produce the film-this depends on the enormity of the project. marketing is done in many ways and here are some examples of this:

• standees- cardboard cut outs of an aspect of the film.
• youtube advertisements 
• flyers in the actual theatre.

EXHIBITION:

the film value chain is a connected series of activities that combine to create and deliver a product (or value) to customers. these activities could include research and development, marketing, packaging,manufacturing and distribution. however this isn't just applied in the film industry it occurs in  various sectors such as the auto mobile industry as well as, the food and retail sector. there are numerous contributors to the developing of a film including free lance workers -in some case- and also various companies get involved also. 

how do we the audience get to see films?

• illegally over the internet
• piracy
• home television 
• netflix and various other film networks
• our smart phone and other pieces of technology.

PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTING & MARKETING

Production & Financing

Of the three tasks, production is chronologically first: You have to make a film in order to distribute and exhibit it. At first, the inventors financed and showed their own films, even renting their own halls

In 2006 Hollywood's box-office receipts totalled $9 billion. Because movies are a major industry and an expensive instrument as well as an art form, money has almost always been of vital importance in determining the meaning of the medium, from Leland Stanford's bet about how horses run—and his 1872 hiring of Edward Muybridge to photograph galloping horses to the latest megamerger that results in a major studio being owned by a multinational megacorporation. Who provides the dough? Who takes it? How is it distributed? How do investors recoup their investments? What strings are attached?
Films may be marketed through adverts on television or at bus stops and on busses themselves, this grabs the publics attention and motivates them to watch the film in cinema's, film distributers are very careful with the area they select to market a certain film, because the film has to apply to the people that live in the area.

Distribution

How does the "product"—the feature film—get from the filmmaker to the theatre? Why do you need a "middleman" in the first place? How did this process start?

Today, distributors remain an integral part of the film industry. Generally, they are the ones who hold the legal right to send out a film. You can't even rent an old 16mm film print (legally) to show to a film class without getting it from one of the distributors for whom this market is a specialty.

Production ,Distribution ,Marketing and Exhibition in the Film Industry !

I am going to be talking about the ways in which Production, Distribution, Marketing and Exhibition are used in the film industry 

       Production

When producing a film the production plays an important part to it there is 4 stages when producing a film which are;

Development of the film: This is where the film producers come together to start building initial ideas that could be used for the film as well as the main moral of the film. During the development of the film a storyboard is produced enabling the producers to think about various things that will be needed in the film in order to make the production of the film run successfully and smoothly such as the dialogue, props that will be used, the plot of the film, the ending to the film, music soundtrack, characters in the film and who will perform these characters in the film when deciding on actors they usually will go for well known actors that they feel the audience will enjoying watching such as Angelina Jolie incredibly performance in Salt winning the movie many awards once the producers have done all of this it allows them to go onto the next stage of the production.

Pre-production: This is where the story is finalized with the film producers where a set release of when the film will be launched for the audience to watch and a brief budget is set, of how much they will need in order to produce the film and pay their actors. Actors are then introduced to their roles and start to prepare for the filming as well as a recruitment team which help on the set for the filming in many different ways Makeup artist, Director. Once these are all finalized we are then able to start the process of filming the different scenes for the film. 

Production: This is where all the actors and recruitment team are set to start filming the film different scenery and props are used throughout the filming , In Nollywood movies the filming is done at the actual location unlike American and British movies where there are green rooms which are used for filming then the setting of the film is added into the background.  During the production of the film you will see the director onset directing the actors about how they want the outlook of the film to be like, directing them as well as correcting them if they make any mistakes when acting. Once all the filming is done the film is then took to be edited in order to make the film ready in order for its release.

Post production : This is where the film is took to be edited deleting any unneeded scenes adding animation or 3-D effects if the movie is a 3-D film also music from the soundtrack which has been produced by a music artist of the film producers choice that they believe there music or singing/rapping technique will fit with the movie. Eventually the film is ready to be released for premiere where celebrities and audience attend to see a preview of the film before it is later on played for the whole world to see it the cinema.

Distribution:Films can be distributed through movie websites such as Netflix, LOVE FILM, compared to Nollywood movies where we are found them being distributed on

Afrotainment.tv

Irokotv.com

IROKING.com

Where African music and movies are distributed fast and simply to use to movie lovers that love watching African music and movies. 

Marketing: Films are usually marketed on buses as there adverts, TV adverts where a quick 10-1 min snippet of the film is played enabling the audience to find out the release date, age of being able to watch the film, billboards in some cases in some music videos the movie is played in the video Examples of this are

2 Chainz ft Wiz Khalifa- We Own It (Fast 6)

Will Smith- Men in Black (Men in Black)

Fat Joe ft Ashanti- What’s Love (Juwanna Man)

By showing a snippet of the film in the music video’s it shows us how the song is most likely to appear on the music soundtrack of the film. For Children movies there advertisements are put in children such as McDonald’s where the Happy Meals provide a small toy of a character in the movie. 

Exhibition:Is the way in which film can be viewed to the public audience as some movies are shown in private screening and prefer not be shown in well known cinema’s and some movies are exhibited through the public being able to watch the movies online once it has been released.